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Introduction

Editors:
Friedemann Pfäfflin,
Ulm University, Germany
 

Walter O. Bockting,
University of Minnesota, USA
 

Eli Coleman,
University of Minnesota, USA
 

Richard Ekins,
University of Ulster at Coleraine, UK
 

Dave King,
University of Liverpool, UK

Managing Editor:
Noelle N Gray,
University of Minnesota, USA

Editorial Assistant:
Erin Pellett,
University of Minnesota, USA

Editorial Board

Authors

Contents
book Historic Papers

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Authors´Guidelines

© Copyright

Published by
Symposion Publishing

  
ISSN 1434-4599

  
XVI Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association Symposium
17 - 21 August 1999, London

Reflections on "Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment" 1969 -1999


Panel: Transsexual Professionals: Their Area of Work and Research Interest

Feminizing Hormone Regimens and Their Influence on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Limiting and Preventing Congestive Heart Disease.

Kirk, M.D., Sheila Surgeon TSMC Center, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Recently studies have focused on a new and exciting group of neurohormonal substances-the proinflammatory cytokines and their role in the development of congestive heart failure. There is suggestion that estrogen may have an important effect on proinflammatory cytokine expression. The Transgender Surgical and Medical Center (TSMC) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA has joined with the cardiology department of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine to look at the potential of elimination or reduction of another cardiovascular risk in genetic males using a feminizing hormone regimen. A protocol is in development and some of the expectations and planning is discussed in this brief presentation.