König, Cornu, Zingg & Trost, 1978
Medical, Psychiatric and Urological Clinic of the University Clinic Bern and County Hospital Burgdorf, Switzerland

The authors describe the Bern treatment concept and the treatment results achieved there. Major parts of the publication, especially those about the theoretical fundamentals about the diagnosis and treatment of transsexuals, are taken word-for-word from the publications of Sigusch et al. (1979) as well as Ploeger & Flamm (1976) without being annotated as quotes. The sample described here were also used in the studies of Zingg et al. (1980) as well as Simona-Politta (1983).

• Sample
• Evaluation Fields and Criteria
• Results
• Follow-up Studies Mentioned
• Authors' Conclusion
• Remarks

Evaluation Fields and Criteria
The evaluation fields were the stability of social conditions, marriage and a subjective evaluation by patients of the therapy success.

Results
Females: Pre-surgically the social conditions were stable, rsp., unstable, for three females each. Post-surgically the evaluation displaced itself for two of the unstable females to stable, resp., somewhat stable; the third female needed psychiatric hospitalization. The subjective evaluation of success was for three females very good, for two good. One patient was unhappy with he state even though she did not regret the surgery.
Males: With one exception, the males were post-surgically in social conditions unchanged-stable or more stable than before and they said they were subjectively satisfied, resp., very satisfied. One male who already had been evaluated pre-surgically as unstable showed no change. He regretted the surgery but said at the same time that he was no worse off than before. The authors described him as "depressed, on occasion psychotic personality, who repeatedly threatened suicide before therapy abroad" (p. 443). If he lived as a male or female is unclear.

Follow-up Studies Mentioned
Benjamin, 1964a, 1966

Authors' Conclusion
"Overall it can be said today about patients taken care of in Bern that the sex reassignment was subjectively and objectively worthwhile - with one exception. The patients show an unmistakable thankfulness; they seem happier, more relaxed, even if many of their problems are not solved. An evaluation of the long-term results will only be possible in some years ... The results in Bern thus far confirm that with careful examination and maintaining a certain consequent therapy a notable improvement of the social and mental situation can be achieved for the majority of patients even in the difficult and thorny problem area of transsexualism" (p. 443).

Remarks
The data published in this work -- for example, the age of patients, surgery times and even about the sample size -- are not consistent. Besides this, the publication contains non-verifiable figures that the authors evidently attained by word of mouth. From a not-specifically-named remark from Sigusch (1979), it is said, for example, "It was reported in the Fifth International Gender Dysphoria Symposium that to this date 44 cases of re-reversal with readaptation of the gender role and 13 post-surgically committed suicides are known, this out of many hundreds of treated transsexuals" (p. 443). It is to be remarked that in Sigusch et al. (1979) (p. 302 and references) only the remark "Fifth International Gender Dysphoria Symposium, 1977 (Congress publication in preparation)" can be found - so that these quotes cannot be verified.
As already mentioned, a big part of the text of this publication stems (without quotations) from external sources. From Sigusch et al. (1979) the schematic treatment program was taken, that in this form was never used in the Dept. for Sexual Sciences in Frankfurt. The authors in Bern acknowledge they did not keep the one-year-long preparation phase for all their patients.